What are the three types of cutting tools?
Comprehensive Guide to Cutting Tools: Classification, Applications and Technological Developments
Introduction
Cutting tools represent one of humanity’s oldest technological innovations, evolving from primitive stone tools to today’s computer-controlled systems. This guide provides a thorough examination of cutting tool classifications, working principles, application scenarios, and selection criteria across industries.
Section 1: Manual Cutting Tools
Manual tools remain indispensable for precision work and small-scale operations.
1.1 Blade Tools
- Chef’s Knives:
- Western-style: 8-12″ all-purpose blades
- Japanese Santoku: Shorter blade for precise vegetable work
- Steel types: High-carbon vs stainless steel comparisons
- Specialty Cutters:
- Bone saws: 14TPI teeth configuration for clean cuts
- Bread knives: 10″ serrated blades with 2mm tooth spacing
- Paring knives: 3-4″ blades for intricate peeling
1.2 Hand Saws
- Woodworking Saws:
- Crosscut saws (12-15TPI)
- Rip saws (5-7TPI)
- Japanese pull-saw advantages
- Metal Cutting:
- Hacksaw frame types (adjustable vs fixed)
- Bi-metal blade technology
- Optimal cutting speeds (40-60 strokes/min)
1.3 Other Manual Tools
- Chisels:
- Bevel edge (25°-30°) for joinery
- Mortise chisels (thicker blades)
- Specialty Tools:
- Glass cutters: Tungsten carbide wheel design
- Pipe cutters: Wheel-and-clamp mechanisms
Section 2: Power Cutting Tools
Modern electric tools revolutionize material processing.
2.1 Woodworking Power Tools
- Circular Saws:
- Blade diameters: 6-1/2″ to 10-1/4″
- Kerf widths: Thin-kerf (1.8mm) vs standard (2.4mm)
- Cordless advancements (20V-60V systems)
- Jigsaws:
- Stroke lengths: 3/4″ to 1-1/4″
- Orbital action settings
- Blade shank types (T-shank vs U-shank)
2.2 Metalworking Tools
- Angle Grinders:
- Safety considerations (RPM ratings)
- Disc types: Type 1 vs Type 27
- 4-1/2″ vs 9″ tool comparisons
- Cold Saws:
- Tooth geometry for non-ferrous metals
- Cutting fluid requirements
2.3 Advanced Cutting Systems
- Plasma Cutters:
- Amperage requirements (30A-100A)
- CNC interface capabilities
- Hypertherm Duramax torch technology
Section 3: Industrial Cutting Equipment
Large-scale production demands specialized machinery.
3.1 Waterjet Technology
- Pump Systems:
- Direct drive vs intensifier pumps
- 60,000 PSI cutting capabilities
- Abrasive consumption rates (0.8-1.2lb/min)
- Cutting Head Innovations:
- 5-axis cutting heads
- Dynamic waterjet compensation
3.2 Laser Systems
- Fiber Lasers:
- 1μm wavelength advantages
- 6kW+ power for thick plate
- Cutting speed comparisons (m/min)
- CO2 Lasers:
- RF-excited vs glass tube
- Mirror maintenance requirements
3.3 CNC Machining Centers
- Tool Changers:
- 30+ tool capacity systems
- HSK vs CAT taper interfaces
- Automation Integration:
- Robotic part handling
- Lights-out manufacturing
Section 4: Special Application Tools Niche tools for specific industries.
4.1 Culinary Cutting Systems
- Commercial Meat Processing:
- Band saw specifications
- Cryogenic freezing integration
- Sushi Preparation:
- Yanagiba single-bevel geometry
- Steel hardness requirements (HRC 60+)
4.2 Construction Cutting
- Concrete Saws:
- Diesel vs electric power
- Diamond blade segment designs
- Rebar Cutters:
- Hydraulic vs mechanical
- 40mm capacity cutters
Section 5: Tool Selection Methodology
Detailed decision-making framework.
5.1 Material Considerations
- Metal Cutting:
- Ferrous vs non-ferrous requirements
- Heat-affected zone minimization
- Composite Materials:
- Delamination prevention
- Specialized tool coatings
5.2 Precision Requirements
- Tolerance Classes:
- ISO 2768 comparisons
- Surface finish considerations
5.3 Economic Factors
- Lifecycle Cost Analysis:
- Tooling cost per part
- Energy consumption metrics
Section 6: Safety and Maintenance
Comprehensive operational guidelines.
6.1 PPE Requirements
- Laser Safety:
- OD ratings for eyewear
- Class IV laser protocols
6.2 Maintenance Schedules
- Preventative Maintenance:
- Bearing lubrication intervals
- Linear guide inspection
Conclusion
Future trends including AI-optimized cutting paths and sustainable tool manufacturing.
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